Navegando por Assunto "exercise"

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Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Efeito do exercício físico na força muscular, massa muscular e desempenho físico em pessoas sarcopenicas com câncer: uma revisão sistemática
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2024-12-20) GUEDES, Laerte Jonatas Leray; NEVES, Laura Maria Tomazi; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4235603520707156; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3115-2571
Cancer is the leading cause of secondary sarcopenia, representing a growing problem among people diagnosed with cancer. This condition is associated with unfavorable outcomes both in relation to disease progression and to the various types of cancer treatment. Physical exercise is recommended by several guidelines for cancer patients. However, the guidelines do not present specific recommendations for sarcopenia, and few systematic reviews have explored this topic. In addition, the effect of physical exercise on improving sarcopenia (muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance) in cancer patients is not yet fully elucidated. Objective: To verify the effect of physical exercise on muscle strength, muscle mass and physical performance in sarcopenic people with cancer. Materials and methods: The study is a systematic review, we used the acronym PICOS as the inclusion criterion, population: adult patients diagnosed with cancer and diagnosed with sarcopenia; Intervention: physical exercise alone or associated with other interventions; control: patients in usual care, without treatment or without physical exercise; outcome: muscle strength, muscle mass, and physical performance; Types of studies: randomized controlled clinical trials. The databases used were Pubmed, Excerpta Medica database (EMBASE), Cochrane (CENTRAL), Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro), Latin American and Caribbean Health Literature in Health Sciences (LILACS), Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), and SPORTDiscus. For gray literature, Clinical trials.gov, Proquest, and the Catalog of Theses and Dissertations of the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel were checked, with no language or time limit. The searches were conducted until October 10, 2024. The risk of bias of the included studies was assessed by the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool 2 and the level of evidence by the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. Qualitative (narrative) synthesis was performed in the review, presenting the effect measures extracted from the studies individually. Results: Eight randomized controlled clinical trials were included. Three studies demonstrated an effect on skeletal muscle mass index in favor of resistance exercise (MD = 0.32 kg/m2, 95% CI [0.04; 0.60), resistance and aerobic exercise on appendicular skeletal muscle mass index (MD = 2.4 kg/m2, 95% CI [4.1; 1.30]) and resistance exercise associated with protein supplementation (MD = 0.03 kg/m2, 95% CI [0.1 0.5]). There were no differences between the intervention and control groups for the variables muscle strength and physical performance. The included studies presented risk of bias with some concerns and high risk. Additionally, all outcomes received a low level of evidence in GRADE. Conclusion: Although exercise appears to be safe and three articles indicate a possible effect on muscle mass, the studies did not have sarcopenia as a primary outcome, with prevalence rates of <50% of sarcopenic individuals in 7 studies. Thus, there is still a lack of evidence on the real effect of physical exercise on sarcopenia in cancer patients.
Acesso aberto (Open Access)
Monitoramento de carga interna e respostas físicas e fisiológicas ao treinamento de CROSSFIT®
(Universidade Federal do Pará, 2021-12-20) CASTANHEIRA, Luísa Freire da Silveira; COSWIG, Victor Silveira; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0097939661129545; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5461-7119
CrossFit® is a training program recognized for its rapid growth in popularity in competitive and non-competitive forms, with the goal of developing different fitness domains simultaneously. Accurately and effectively identifying the effect of this training is indicated to periodically analyze the responses of a subject to a given overload, to safely prescribe and control training, and to promote adaptations. However, in this training model this is still not entirely clear, and a different response is expected because it is a self-regulated sport due to the high volume. Therefore, the objectives of this research was to describe the internal training load imposed on CrossFit® athletes over three months, and relate it to physical performance indicators. Additionally, to investigate the effect of training on aerobic fitness indicators and blood markers. To this end, competitive CrossFit® athletes were evaluated daily, weekly, and pre and post training. The instruments used were a notebook of perceptual measures regarding pain sensations, recovery, sleep quality and likely performance, heart rate variability and lower limb power and aerobic power tests. Data analysis was initially done by checking the normality of the data using the Shapiro-Wilk test. If normality was confirmed, the data were presented by mean and standard deviation and the daily, weekly, and post-competition data were compared by ANOVA for repeated measures, and the correlations between training load indicators and physical performance were tested by Pearson's coefficient. Otherwise, data were presented by median and interquartile range, and daily, weekly, and post-competition data were compared by Friedman's test and correlations were tested by Spearman's coefficient. All analyses were done in SPSS 20.0 software and the alpha value was set at 5%. The main findings suggest that the imposed training loads were not sufficient to induce detectable overreaching or recovery/compensation, at least by the variables used; that training did not promote relevant changes in the aerobic power tested and; that positive correlations were not identified among the variables analyzed. In summary, the training load imposed in the preparation of elite Crossfit® athletes was relatively stable, despite the constant variation of stimuli and settings, and of moderate level. Our findings may help to explain training patterns that involve high volume and frequency of training maintained for long periods, which does not match (at least theoretically) with high intensity efforts.