Análise quantitativa da degradação de fachadas em revestimento cerâmico: estudo de caso em edifícios de Belém– PA

Abstract

This study approaches the collect and identification of pathological manifestations in the façades of five buildings, with ceramic coating system (SRC), in the Metropolitan Region of Belém / PA, using Silva 's adapted damage quantification model (2014). The proposed methodology consists of a systematization of the inspection process, with identification, mapping and quantification of the pathological manifestations in the façades of the buildings, applying the Damage Factor (FD) as a way to evaluate the degradation behavior as a function of influence factors such as type of manifestation, age and solar orientation of the facades, also analyzing agents of degradation such as directed rain, solar radiation and humidity. Subsequently, the Combined Damage Factor (FDC) was applied, which assigns weighting indices to the FD, related to the repair cost of each observed anomaly. Analyzing the results, it was verified that the pathological manifestation stain (MA) on the ceramic coating was the one that presented the highest percentage of occurrence, that is, greater degraded area, among the types of anomalies observed. In addition, this manifestation presented high values of FDC in all cardinal orientations and expressive values of this index of degradation, both in façades under 20 years and in those with more than 20 years. These results are directly influenced by the extremely aggressive climate of the region, which presents constant rains and high humidity (up to 95%), favoring the propagation of this anomaly (staining) already in the first ages of the building, since the façades (10 and 16 years old) already had considerable degradation rates of this pathological manifestation. The orientation that presented the highest degradation factor was the South direction (FDTotal=9.42%), influenced directly by the phenomenon of directed rainfall, which presents its highest Directed Rain Index (ICD) in the North direction, affecting the facades oriented in the South direction. After the application of FDC, the pathological manifestation of ceramic detachment / displacement (DC) presented the highest degradation index (FDCMédio=39.22%), due to its high restoration cost, when compared to the repair value of the other anomalies evaluated. By means of the histograms of FDTotal and FDCTotal, a characteristic exponential curve was observed that shows a decrease in the frequency of occurrence as the value of the degradation index increases. This characteristic curve was also observed in Silva (2014) and Souza (2016).