Análise comparativa hidroambiental das bacias do Una e da Estrada Nova, em Belém-PA, e suas implicações socioeconômicas

Abstract

To evaluate the effectiveness of public interventions in relation to changing social dynamics and improve the quality of life of a population is necessary to the built and application of social indicators in monitoring public management, especially when dealing with large environmental interventions. As much as these indicators are mapped, the vast majority of environmental studies where these interventions occur, the government has dedicated itself or if it does not perform and monitor efficiently the behavior of these indicators over time. In Belém, the floods in urban areas pose a serious problem for most of the municipality, especially when involving densely occupied areas, at which generate considerable damage and often irreparable, even with losses of human lives. Flooding has been a problem during periods of frequent rainfall, both in the oldest areas of the city and consolidated, as in the areas of urban sprawl, a fact compounded by soil sealing, occupation of wetlands and removal of riparian vegetation, which hinders the infiltration rainwater. Due to these environmental factors and the inattention of government in providing social amenities and physical interventions in the area of the metropolis, populations that occupy the most vulnerable parts of the city of Belém, in general have a poor quality of life, as regards the issue of the environment in which they live. In order to comparatively evaluate two different realities and really consider whether public intervention was effective and efficient and from the same include as practical application of social indicators in monitoring the public administration, was used as case for this research performed by government intervention state in the basin of Una, where he was executed the deployment of Macro Drainage Basin of Una and services contemplated drinking water supply, sewerage, storm water drainage and road system, compared with the intervention of the municipal government to bowl Estrada Nova, running, with the deployment of these services. To develop the research, the study gathered data and information collected in the basin of Una and projected future scenarios for the basin of Estrada Nova, using the same indicators. These indicators in this study were also addressed and strengthened with a hydrogeological assessment of the two basins, the analysis of quality of surface and groundwater, consideration of the incidence of waterborne diseases, the vulnerability of aquifers, configured together in a GIS specifically built for it, with the aim of evaluating the criticality of spatialization basins and identify which areas need more attention or have the best results. The study demonstrated that the physical and socioeconomic study of the two basins are similar and after the intervention in the basin of Una, any kind of indicator was monitored with a view to demonstrate the effectiveness of the intervention. The study also showed that health indicators linked to waterborne (why the intervention was also made) chosen for monitoring before and after the intervention, have partially direct connections to the environmental quality of the basin, but many indicators not could be chosen by the lack of government data. The vulnerability of the aquifer top is also concern in some quarters, in that much of the population obtains its supplies from this aquifer, which has its recharge provided, in part, by draining channels of Belém, known holders of very bad quality indices its waters and can even be characterized as true open sewers. The drainage channels and creeks of Belém, are thus responsible for directing this excess sewage into the Bay of Guajará and river Guamá through interconnection with those that have physiographic elements. Because the city has much of its area located in quotas of up to 4 meters, which is also the average annual tidal amplitude regional, these areas are subject to flooding. By way of consequence throughout the upper aquifer is vulnerable to infiltration of contaminated water channels, which in times of floods are dammed increasing the residence time in them,. The research now being evaluated scenarios and presentation indicators, this reality, leaving open the need to be constructed and monitored indicators other than the act of evaluating the effectiveness of public intervention can be more consistent. Finally the study also notes that several indicators could not be considered in the study due to insufficient and the quality of data provided by the government.