Gestão, geração e aproveitamento dos resíduos das indústrias de base florestal na Região Metropolitana de Belém, Pará

Abstract

The forest-based industries are highly relevant in the socioeconomic sense for Amazon and especially in the state of Pará. However, are industries that generate large amounts of waste in its production process, which can cause serious environmental problems. There are numerous forms of environmentally appropriate destination for this waste and that can generate revenue for enterprises, mitigate potential problems the community and reduce the pressure on forests. This study aimed to know the main characteristics of forest-based industries, forms management, generation and utilization of wood waste, the performance of these enterprises on the surrounding community and the influence of the rainiest and less rainy periods on the storage processes and disposal of wood waste in the metropolitan area of Belém. For this, it raised the number of potentially generating waste timber companies from the state environmental agencies, thereby became a voluntary non-probability sampling, thus came to a sample of 31 companies located in six counties. Among these, we visited the community near 5 companies within estimated 0-500 m and 2 km to 2.5 km, and the target of the survey population was 20 individuals per company, 10 in each distance. It was used as a research tool to semi-structured interviews and in loco visits. The collected data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Student t test for independent samples and chi-square contingency tables l x c. The results show that the average operating income was 60%, generating an average of 398 m³ / month of wood waste in the form of dust, powder and firewood. Companies realize the destination of the waste within the company (internal reverse logistics) with the production of briquette, small wooden objects (POM) and for generating and energy, and outside, by selling to other companies for thermal power generation and farms, some is donated to bakeries, farms and the population. Was found that, according to the opinion of the managers of the companies, there is no social and environmental problems due to the residue of the company. But, now adjacent to the locals have different view, with respect to environmental problems. It is concluded that the management is done differently in the segments surveyed, and the secondary process is more efficient in the recovery of waste. These companies have an operating income considered good and meant the residue of different ways, but it is clear that not all waste is aimed correctly. Moreover, the managers of these companies have a positive view on the company's performance, which is not shared by the surrounding residents.