Reconhecimento dos elementos deposicionais da lagoa do Violão na Serra Sul de Carajás: um estudo a partir de registros sismoestratigráficos

Abstract

The sismoestratigraphy is one of the main tools used for the characterization of sequences and seismic facies, whose interpretation is based on the concepts of stratigraphic sequences. This study aims at the recognition and mapping of earthquake-depositional elements of Violão Lake - Serra Sul de Carajás - seeking to understand their sedimentary fill, considering the importance of lacustrine environments in the paleoenvironmental aspects, especially in tropical regions. The Violão Lake is part of the S11D plateau, built on lateritic ferruginous crusts at an altitude ~ 720 m above the sea level. It is a watershed of 1,836 km2, elongated in the NW-SE orientation, morphologically similar to a guitar. The research steps include acquisition, processing and interpretation of shallow seismic data. For the acquisition was used Bathy 2010PC ™ brand system SyQwest frequency 12 kHz and 3.5 kHz operating simultaneously with the aid of DGPS. They were collected 22 days profiles between 08/09 and 12/09/2014, treated in seismic software Reflex Win and Kingdom® Suite. 12 kHz profiles guaranteed greater quality information in relation to 3.5 kHz, and the six selected as the most representative elements earthquake-depositional patterns and ecocaráter. Stratigraphics three units were recognized (USI, USII, USIII), classified in chronological order from bottom to top. The US's rest on the rocky basement / acoustic that outcrop in the lake edges, extending to 25 m in the subsurface. Their morphology can be likened to a bowl of washing ("washing basin") of steep margins and relatively flat bottom. Their internal reflectors, sometimes discontinuous, made up of low to medium signal amplitude, unlike their neighboring surfaces. The USI is characterized by a progradational succession deposited from gravitational flow forming delta fronts for high lake conditions. The USII and USIII represent facies planeparallel, consistent with each other relatively soft reflectors. The recognition of 7 ecofacies allowed the relationship between the present acoustic signatures and the data of the distribution of superficial bottom sediments performed in previous works, which allowed an overview of the surface deposition of the Violão Lake, being the echoes of greater reflection related, predominantly, lamosos sediments with presence of peat and, in some moments, organic or oxidized sludge, favoring the occurrence of gases in the sedimentary interstices resulting from the decomposition of organic matter. In contrast, medium reflections low impedance contrast to refer to very fine sand with considerable mud content and good spread. Recognition and interpretation of stratigraphics standards identified different sedimentary filling processes of Violão Lake. The USI is characterized by a progradational succession of strata and, as they approach the depocenter, the strata of USII and USIII if have more uniform, as drapes in on a partially uneven surface under conditions of low energy influenced by flows shallow and intermediate, whose deposition occurs by suspension.