Estudo sistematico do processo para obtenção e desacidificação das frações de gasolina verde, querosene verde e diesel verde via destilação fracionada

Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the fractionation and deacidification of organic liquid product (PLO) as the distilled fractions in Bench Scale and Pilot Unit; moreover, in the bench scale we studied the effect distillation with or without reflux, and vary the size of the Vigreux type column, which was ten (10), thity (30) and fifty (50) centimeters. First, for the production of PLO was performed cracking catalyst term in Pilot Unit, for it, was used as raw material oil palm (Elais guineensis Jacq) and Na2CO3 catalyst, of which percentage varied at 5, 10 and 15%. Then, the PLO was fractionated into bench and pilot scale, in the cutting bands established by Thomas et al. Distilled fractions and the PLO’s were submitted to physical and chemical analysis, FT-IR, NMR and GC-MS. In a general way, those from experiments the catalytic cracking term with 15% Na2CO3 showed the best results in both operating parameters and the qualities of physical-chemical analysis and composition, whose incomes range 62.6% to 80,9mm.) and 71.7% to 89.4% (wt.) for distillations bench with and without reflux, respectively. It can be said that the reflux in the fractional distillation bench was essential to a better refining fractions, given that most of the physico-chemical analysis is within the limits of the ANP specifications, as the density and viscosity. The variation of the size of the Vigreux column in bench scale with / without reflux, macro point of view, does not change or improves the refining of distilled fractions, that is, its variation does not represent significant changes in effective production / quality of distilled fractions. For the distillation experiments in pilot scale, acidity values of green gasoline, kerosene green, green diesel obtained the best results which were 0.33, 0.42, and 0.34 mg KOH / g, respectively. Moreover, distillation in the Pilot Unit obtained excellent results, as the analysis of FT-IR and GC-MS showed the presence of paraffinic, naphthenic and olefinic hydrocarbons; with hydrocarbon percentages of 83.95%, 93.63% and 100% to green gasoline, green kerosene and green diesel, respectively, which confirms that the refining through distillation operation satisfactorily contributes to the separation and purity of the organic liquid product.