Compostos bioativos e potencial antioxidante da fruta Jacaiacá (Antrocaryon amazonicum)

Abstract

Bioactive compounds are secondary metabolites from plants, which are found in leaves, stem, seeds, peel, flowers and fruits. Such compounds exhibit antioxidant properties, since they can scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS) as one of the mains mechanisms of action. Among the fruits present in the Amazonian estuary, the Jacaiacá (Antrocaryon amazonicum) was already reported as a promising source of bioactive compounds, such as phenolic compounds and carotenoids. In this study, the individual profiles of carotenoids and phenolic compounds in the pulp and peel of Jacaiacá, from two different cities in Pará State, Brazil (Cametá and São Caetano de Odivelas) was identified and quantified by LC-MS. Moreover, the antioxidant potential of the fruit extracts, from both parts against ROS and RNS of physiological importance, was assessed. According to the proximate composition, water and carbohydrates were the main constituents from the peel and pulp of the jacaiacá pulp. The highest levels of bioactive compounds were found in the fruits of São Caetano de Odivelas in both parts (peel and pulp) and the phenolic compounds contents of 6555.9 mg EAG/100 g and 2855.89 mg EAG/100 g. In relation to carotenoid profiles, the major compounds were all-trans-lutein, followed by all-trans-zeaxanthin and all-trans β cryptoxanthin; in addition all-trans-β-carotene and 9-cis- were also identified. Ten phenolic compounds were identified, being galoyl catechin, catechin, quercetin glucuronide and gallic acid the major ones. Regarding the antioxidant capacity, the peel extracts were more efficient in scavenging ROS and RNS than the pulp extracts. The peel extract showed higher efficiency against singlet oxygen (1O2) (IC50 = 16.41µg / mL), hypochlorous acid (HOCl) (IC50 = 20.19 µg / mL), peroxynitrite (ONOO-) (IC50 = 37.81µg / mL) and superoxide anion radical (O2 •- ) (IC50 = 47.09µg / mL), while the pulp extract was more efficient against ONOO- , followed by HOCl (IC50 = 29.70 µg / mL), ¹O2 (IC50 = 75.84 µg / mL) and less efficient against O2 •- ( IC50 = 144.07 µg / mL). Therefore, jacaiacá fruit was characterized as a great source of bioactive compounds with antioxidant properties to be used by the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.