Inter-relações entre variáveis ambientais e doenças de veiculação hídrica no Município de Belém-Pa

Abstract

The theme related to health and the environment is gaining more and more prominence in the scientific environment, since man is sensitive to the constant changes in the environment that surrounds him. The spatial and temporal variations of climatic elements, as well as the worsening of socio-environmental problems, provide specific environmental conditions and, consequently, can favor the emergence of diseases related to water transmission, such as leptospirosis and dengue, especially in regions with peculiar climatic characteristics and serious problems of environmental and social nature, for example, the city of Belém-PA. Thus, the objective of this work is to correlate environmental variables with the occurrence of waterborne diseases, in the 21st century (2001 to 2019), in the municipality of Belém, state of Pará, as well as to identify possible associations of health problems arising from the basic sanitation conditions of the locality. For this, a survey was carried out of the number of monthly cases of leptospirosis and dengue, through the Information System of Notifiable Diseases (SINAN) and Municipal Health Department (SESMA), as well as the variables precipitation, temperature and relative humidity, through the National Institute of Meteorology (INMET) and, subsequently, the following methodologies are applied: descriptive statistics, Spearman's correlation coefficient (ρ), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Multiple Regression Analysis, spatialization by IDW interpolation and the assessment of basic sanitation conditions. The results show a similar monthly behavior of the variables: precipitation, relative humidity and minimum temperature; and dengue and leptospirosis; with a greater number of cases in the rainy season in the region. Furthermore, with the exception of the minimum temperature, there was a correlation between the environmental variables and the diseases studied in this work. It was also observed the precariousness of sanitation conditions experienced by residents of some neighborhoods in Belém, which facilitates the proliferation of transmitting vectors. In this sense, it is inferred that seasonality may indicate a possible contribution to the rates of the mentioned diseases, especially in the rainy season, leading to an increase in the number of cases, however, for the municipality of Belém, this factor is not limited to the variable variable, but to a series of environmental and climatic conditions relating to the period in question. Furthermore, it is estimated that this study will serve as a reference for other research, as well as contribute to the development of solutions that minimize the problem.