Análise espacial e espaço-temporal dos casos de feminicídio ocorridos no estado do Pará entre 2016 e 2021

Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Feminicide is a public health problem worldwide, with Brazil occupying the 5th position among the countries that kill the most. In order to combat feminicide, it is imperative to understand its association with social determinants of health, and spatial analysis is a fundamental tool for this. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the spatial and space-time scenario of the femicide rate and its relationship with the social determinants of health in the State of Pará between 2016 and 2021. METHODS: An ecological study using secondary data from the Integrated Public Security System (SISP-WEB). Gross municipal feminicide rates were analyzed using spatial distribution and autocorrelation (Gi statistic), temporal-spatial risk analysis, and geographically weighted spatial regression (GWR). RESULTS: During the study period, 339 cases of feminicide were reported in Pará. The spatial distribution of the feminicide rate during the study period showed a territorial expansion, with municipalities in the Metropolitan Region of Belém, Northeast, Southeast, and Southwest of Pará being the most affected areas. From 2016 to 2018, there was a high-high in feminicide rate (hotspot) formed by municipalities in the southeast and southwest of Pará, while between 2019 and 2021, there were two hotspots in the southeast and northeast. The spatio-temporal analysis revealed only one risk zone (RR=2.11; p<0.000) in the period from 2018 to 2020 that consisted of municipalities in the Metropolitan region of Belém, Northeast, Lower Amazonas, Southeast and Southwest of Pará. The GWR showed that the variability of the feminicide rate was associated with the DSS “youth homicide rate per 100,000 inhabitants”, “primary care coverage rate”, and “total high school pass rate”. CONCLUSION: To combat feminicide it is necessary to promote greater social equity, discuss gender equality in schools, and bring greater responsibility/qualification of health professionals in the Primary Health Care network for the early identification of signs of domestic violence as well as reporting to competent legal channels.