Tecnologias de propulsão elétrica aquaviária: projeto conceitual de embarcação híbrida com foco em atendimento as práticas ambientais, sociais e de governança (ESG)

Abstract

Research into the naval electric mobility system has made a significant contribution to the waterway energy transition. This research investigates electric propulsion technologies as a solution for sustainable waterway mobility. The proposal involves modifying the conventional combustion propulsion system to an electric system, equipped with photovoltaic modules to make it more efficient. The purpose of the boat is to make short journeys, transporting tourists along the coast of the Guajará River, located in the Eastern Amazon region of Belém/Pará. Based on the description of the conceptual project, the forecasts and impacts of electric boats on the maritime industry were analysed, specifically considering the dependence on Rare Earth Elements to produce high-tech naval electrics. The electrification proposal illustrates the main technologies of the maritime sector, which include: lithium-ion battery banks, electric motors, and photovoltaic modules. The methodology consisted of technical visits using a semi-structured questionnaire to obtain information about the modal and a survey of local irradiation. Based on the sizing of the system, it showed the benefits of electric propulsion in terms of energy efficiency, economic viability, and reduction of the project's GHG emissions. However, one of the major challenges is methodological feasibility and preserving the magnetic properties to return to the production chain. It is important to emphasise that ESG analysis is fundamental for identifying potential environmental and social risks associated with mineral criticism applied to marine EVs. It also allows for the development of mitigation strategies, encourages innovation in sustainable production processes and promotes the adoption of best practices in the industry. Taking these aspects into account contributes to building a responsible and fair supply chain. Although there are challenges of economic viability and stakeholder strategies, the recovery of these materials could be a significant source of supply for a certain period to accelerate the process of just energy transition.