Utilização de satélite geoestacionário para avaliar a incidência de raios em linhas de transmissão do sistema interligado nacional brasileiro

Abstract

Lightning is responsible for the death of people and animals, in addition to damage to the electrical system, within the scope of distribution and transmission networks. One of the main parameters for evaluating the occurrence of lightning is the lightning density in a given region of interest. The GLM sensor, on board the GOES-16 geostationary satellite, allows continuous monitoring of the Americas. Through data processing, it is possible to plot the lightning density for any region within the field of view. The use of this data allows monitoring the occurrence of lightning, helping to identify regions at greater risk of damage associated with lightning. In the case of a large country like Brazil, that has many transmission lines with hundreds of kilometers, forming the National Interconnected System (SIN), it is essential to have updated and regionalized data. Data from the National Electric System Operator (ONS) were processed, and important information about the SIN lines was presented, such as the number of lines per voltage level and their lengths in kilometers, number of line failures per year, per month and by voltage level, as well as the percentage of each type of failure, noting that the main cause of failures is due to lightning, with 25%, being one of the points that supported the importance of this work. The objective of the dissertation is to provide updated lightning density data in the period 2019-2023 for all transmission lines belonging to Brazil's base power transmission network, at the following voltage levels: 230, 345, 440, 500, 525, 600, 765 and 800 kV. Maps were generated for each voltage level, and also a general map for the entire SIN and the entire Brazilian territory. The monthly amount of lightning was compared with the monthly number of faults, observing that the most critical periods of the year are the first and last quarter. Considering all transmission lines, the average lightning density was 11.74 lightning/km2/year, and for Brazil it was 13.17 lightning/km2/year, with a maximum value of 57.62 lightning/km2/ year. Furthermore, the average number of lightning, during the 5 years, was 46 million for the SIN lines and 98 million for Brazil. Finally, a very strong correlation was observed, with a coefficient of 0.91, between the monthly number of lightning and the monthly number of faults caused by lightning, during the observation period.