Construção de tecnologia educativa do tipo álbum seriado acerca dos cuidados com os pés de pessoas com diabetes

Abstract

Diabetes Mellitus represents a heterogeneous etiological group of metabolic disorders that have in common hyperglycemia and disorders in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins and fats, resulting from defects in the action and/or secretion of insulin. This etiological group is associated with several comorbidities such as cardiovascular diseases, stroke, chronic renal failure, peripheral neuropathy and diabetic skin wounds or ulcerations. In addition, chronic ulcerations are more frequent in the lower limbs, such as the feet, and predominantly among the elderly, affecting 15% and all patients with diabetes, of this total, 14 to 24% undergo lower limb amputations and, after that, approximately 59% of patients die within five years. Therefore, the objective is to build an educational technology such as an educational flipchart as a tool to support guidelines on foot care for diabetic people. For this, it was decided to carry out a study on the construction of educational technology, through research of methodological development with a qualitative approach. The methodological trajectory was structured in two stages, namely: Narrative Literature Review (Step 1) and Construction of the flipchart (Step 2). The album started with the creation of a cover, pre-textual information such as a catalog sheet, authors' metadata, presentation and detailed summary. In the textual part, texts and images were included on the concepts of the disease, epidemiological aspects, risk factors, prevention, signs and symptoms, complications, diabetic foot and foot care, in order to address the main issues that generate doubts among patients. Therefore, the construction of this flipchart for diabetic patients was conceived with an easy-to-understand language, with clear and concise texts and colored figures, in order to bring the reader/user of health closer to a technical-scientific didactic knowledge, mainly, so that the target audience has the autonomy to perform self-care. In this scenario, this teachingassistance tool should be used to assist health professionals in guiding patients treated in health services, for this, it is intended to submit the album to formal validation. Regarding the making of the illustrations, we sought to present a colored material with illustrative figures that referred to the general and specific aspects of the disease in question, especially regarding the care of the feet of diabetic people. In addition, the main points on the subject were addressed, as well as the objectives achieved, as there were discussions and reflections on the subject, there was the construction of educational technology and the description of the construction process. Finally, with this study, we intend to provide for people with diabetes instrument of guidance with foot care.