Relação entre os determinantes das escolhas alimentares e os fatores socioeconômicos, demográficos, clínicos e antropométricos em pessoas com diabetes mellitus do tipo 2 acompanhados em um hospital público de referência

Abstract

Introduction: Investigating the determinants of food choices in type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) is essential for a better understanding of why people eat what they eat, helping to guide the nutritionist's conduct to achieve greater patient adherence to their treatment. Objective: To identify the determinants of food choices and their correlation with the socioeconomic, demographic, clinical and anthropometric aspects of adults with DM2 followed at a reference Public Hospital in Belém do Pará. Methodology: Cross-sectional, descriptive and analytical study, with adults with DM2, SUS users, receiving care at the Endocrinology outpatient clinic of the João de Barros Barreto University Hospital, from August to December 2023. A research form was applied to survey socioeconomic, demographic and clinical variables. Next, the anthropometric assessment was carried out, with subsequent application of The Eating Motivation Survey (TEMS) form to describe the determinants of food choices using the Spearman correlation test. The project was approved by the Research Ethics Committee.Results: 62 participants were evaluated, of both sexes (75.8% female), with a mean age of 55.6±6.5 years, with the majority presenting an overweight nutritional status (80.7%). The TEMS domains with the highest scores were habits (11.1±2.9) and preferences (11.0±2.4). The following correlations were found: 1) dimension of natural issues with family configuration (p2:-0.223; p: 0.040); 2) dimension of visual attraction with time since diagnosis (p2:-0.261; p: 0.020); 3) dimension of traditional diet with percentage of arm circumference (p2:0.261; p: 0.020); 4) weight control dimension with neck circumference (p2:-0.219; p: 0.044); 5) dimension of social image with the failure to carry out nutritional monitoring (p2: 0.297; p: 0.009); 6) the variable of not undergoing nutritional treatment also correlated with the dimensions of preference (p2: 0.453; p: 0.000), convenience (p2: 0.271; p: 0.016), pleasure (p2: 0.337; p: 0.004), traditional food (p2: 0.326; p: 0.005), price (p2: 0.295; p: 0.010), visual attraction (p2: 0.289; p: 0.011), and emotion control (p2: 0.263; p: 0.019). Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that correlations were found between different determinants of food choices with socioeconomic and clinical-anthropometric characteristics, which suggests the importance of a detailed anamnesis and of considering these aspects in dietary prescription for better patient adherence.