Estudo dos potenciais impactos das mudanças climáticas e de alterações na cobertura vegetal nos recursos hídricos na Região Central da Amazônia

Abstract

This research focused on evaluating and quantifying the impacts in water availability in Amazônia Central Region, due to possible climatic change and land use changes, through a numerical modeling experiment using the Common Land Model (CLM) biosphere model, in off line mode. The results of 9 Ocean-Amosphere Copled Models and 3 climatic change scenarios from IPCC – AR4 was used, in order to establish the basin of climatic forcing of CLM model. It was also used the deforestation dynamic scenario in the case of business as usual, predicted for each year of 2001-2050 period. Thus, draining basin of Rio Cuieiras on Amazônia Central was considered. From the results of the models, the uncertainties of projections relative to precipitation and temperature, was analyzed for each simulations, considering the variability between the models and the CO2 emission scenario; as well as modifications in water and energy balance components associated to variations on forest cover and its substitution for pasture. The results indicate that, in the case of a scenario of climate change witch leads in a persistent decrease (increase) on annual mean rainfall, both runoff and water storage in soil will be directly affected. About modification in cover, the water and energy balance components was strongly affected by substitution of forest by pasture, showing decrease in evapotranspiration and increase on soil water storage and in total runoff.