Prevalência da infecção pelo Papilomavírus humano (HPV) em mulheres investigadas para o câncer cervical, na cidade de Belém, Para

Abstract

The human Papillomavirus infects basal cells of stratified epithelium, inducing the development of benign proliferative lesions in the skin or mucous membranes. The infections have universal distribution. Many studies have demonstrated the strong association of infection by species of high-risk cervical cancer. Therefore, this study sought to determine the prevalence of HPV infection in a group of women screened for cervical cancer. From january 2008 to december 2009 were collected cervical samples from 180 women seen at the Laboratory of Cytopathology of Universidade Federal do Pará (UFPA), with 162 eligible for the study. Each participant was collected two samples, one for the manufacture of cytological smears for subsequent analysis by the Papanicolaou method and the other for analysis of molecular biology, in order to investigate the presence of HPV, using the primers MY09 and MY11. The species of HPV have been identified by PCR sequencing of nucleotide bases of the L1 ORF of HPV. The analysis of the epidemiological profile of the study group showed that the average age accounted for 37.5 years. The majority (49.38%) were married, 37.65% had initiated sexual activity between 13 and 17 years old and 58.64% did not use condoms during sex. The overall prevalence of HPV was found to be 18.52%. Thirteen different types were identified, with the majority (66.67%) was a low-risk group, in which HPV-11 was more frequent. Among the high risk group (30%) HPV-31 was found in four cases. The species distribution of HPV according to the cytology showed that the prevalence of infection was higher in the group of women whose smear was free of abnormal cytology (43.33%). In the group of women with premalignant changes only observed infections by species of low risk (10%). HPV infection was significantly associated with sexual activity and the frequency in the completion of screening. The prevalence in this study corroborates other findings in the medical literature. The prevalence of infection in women with normal cytology reinforces the idea that the infection is mostly asymptomatic and the Papanicolaou method is less efficient in detecting the infection than the techniques of molecular biology. However, when dealing with disease detection premalignant or malignant, molecular biology is not applicable and therefore should not replace the PCCU.