Migração 3-D Kirchhoff-Gaussian-Beam (KGB) pré-empilhamento no domínio da profundidade

Abstract

The Gaussian Beam (GB) is an asymptotic solution of the elastodynamic equation in the paraxial vicinity of a central ray, which approaches better the wave field than the standard zero-order ray theory. The GB regularity in the description of the wave field, as well as its high accuracy in some singular regions of the propagation medium, provide a strong alternative to solve seismic modeling and imaging problems. In this thesis, i presenty a new procedure for pre-stack depth migration with true-amplitude, combining the flexibility and robustness of Kirchhoff migration type using superposition of Gaussian beams to represent the wave field. The proposed migration algorithm comprises in two stacking process: the first is the beam stack is applied to subsets of seismic data multiplied by a weight function defined such that stack operator has the same formulation of the integral of the Gaussian beams superposition; the second is a weighted diffraction stack by means of the Kirchhoff type integral having as input the GB stacked data. For these reasons it is called Kirchhoff-Gaussian-Beam (KGB) migration. The main characteristics that distinguish the KGB migration, during the first stage stacking, with other migration methods that also use the theory of Gaussian beams, is the use of the first Fresnel zone projected to limit the width of the subset of seismic traces (beam) using a second-order approximation of the reflection travel time. Examples are shown for applications on two-dimensional (2-D) and three-dimensional (3-D) synthetic seismic data, respectively, to the models Marmousi and SEG/EAGE salt dome data sets.