Aproximações hiperbólicas dos tempos de trânsito com topografia

Abstract

The simulation of a zero-offset seismic section (ZO) from multicoverage data can be carried through the seismic stacking, which is a very used method of seismic reflection imaging in the oil industry. Seismic stacking process allows to reduce the amount of data and is aimed to improve the signal/noise ratio. Based in the hyperbolic approach of the traveltime, dependent on three parameters or kinematic attributes of wavefronts, recently it was developed a new method to simulate zero-offset sections (ZO), called seismic stack for Common Reflection Surface method (or SRC stack). This new formalism can be extended to construct ZO sections from multicoverage data, using the approach of the paraxial traveltimes in the neighborhood of a central ray with zero offset, for the case of a line of measurement with soft and rugged topography. These two approaches of traveltime also depend on three kinematic attributes of wavefronts. In this work, a theoretical revision of the paraxial theory of the ray for the attainment of the approaches of the paraxial traveltimes is presented, considering a line of measurement with rugged and soft topography. From the approaches of the paraxial traveltimes with relation to a central ray with zero-offset (ZO), two new approaches had been derived from traveltimes using the condition of a diffraction point in depth, reducing the original equations for two parameters. For the approaches of reflection and diffraction, using the same synthetic model, a graphical representation of their respective stacking surfaces were compared, using the traveltime approaches for the soft and rugged topography. After that, we analyze the behavior of the operators associated with the reflection and the diffraction surfaces when these are disturbed, where we investigate the sensibilities in relation to each one of the three parameters (β0, KNIP, KM). This sensibility analysis was perfomed in two ways: Sensibility through the disturbance of each parameter visualized in the stacking surfaces SRC-TR and SDC-TR, and the first derivative of the traveltimes SRC-TR and SDC-TR. Finally, using these hyperbolic approaches as a function of three and two parameters, and based on the results of the sensibility analysis, were considered an algorithm to simulate ZO sections from data of multi coverage.