Pescadores da reserva extrativista marinha de Soure: práticas sociais no território

Abstract

The object of this study are the social practices of the artisanal fishermen inserted in protected areas, especially in the Marine Extractive Reserve of Soure-Pará-Brasil, located east of the city of Soure-Pará-Brasil. This Extractive Reserve is a federal protected area, created through Decree s/n of November 22, 2001, whose governing bodies are the Instituto Chico Mendes de Conservação e Biodiversidade – ICMBio and the Associação dos Usuários da Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Soure – ASSUREMAS. Is framed in the Sistema Nacional de Unidades de Conservação – SNUC in the category of sustainable use unit. According ICMBio, this conservation unit comprising all communities and neighborhoods that have Soure users the same: Araruna; Barra Velha; Bom Futuro; Cajuúna, Centro de Soure, Céu, Macaxeira, Matinha, Bairro Novo, Pacoval, Pedral, Pesqueiro, Pua, São Pedro, Tucumanduba and Umirizal. Fieldwork was conducted in the months of May, June, July, and October, 2013 in three communities: Cajuúna, Céu and Pesqueiro, located within the boundaries of this conservation unit. The empirical research aimed to reflect the social reality of Cajuúna community through qualitative and quantitative approach, while the Povoado do Céu and the Vila do Pesqueiro by means of qualitative approach. To identify forest and water resources held survey of the products fishing economy: fish, shrimp, crab and turu; also the one facing the forest products such as coconut, muruci and andiroba seeds, among others. To collect this information, and about health, respectively, 61 (sixty-one) and 20 (twenty) questionnaires were performed and 55 (fifty-five) interviews. It was observed that families living from fishing during harvest and, in the offseason, there redirection to other activities such as construction, carpentry, trade; also make use of government programs. In RESEX Marinha de Soure, despite economic potential, give yourself limitations to ensure economic and social reproduction of extractive. This interdisciplinary study is based on local knowledge of fishermen and proposed the identification of social practices based on their traditional knowledge as well as understanding the social organizations that contribute to the economic and social reproduction of social agents and environmental preservation of this territory. Social practices in the territory of fishermen are seized as proceeds of their activities of mutual cooperation in the use of natural resources and their forms of social organizations, as well as cultural expressions manifested through religious parties, whose rites strengthen social interactions "inside" and "outside" of social units.