Perfil nutricional de pacientes com carcinoma de células escamosas e lesões potencialmente malignas de boca e orofaringe atendidos em um serviço de referência no município de Belém-PA

Abstract

Oral cancer presents the fifth incidence among men in Brazil. Potentially malignant disorders represent an early stage oral cancer. The aim this work was to investigate the nutritional status of patients with squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and potentially malignant disorders from mouth and oropharynx treated at a reference center in Belém city. Thus, it was a cross-sectional, descriptive study. The sample consisted of 41 participants, 58.5% male, average 60.3 years old, 43.9% with potentially malignant disorders (leukoplakia or actinic cheilitis), and 56.1% with SCC. The predominant localization was in mouth. Most (63.4%) of participants lived in Belém and metropolitan area, 65.9% with family income up to 2 minimum wages, 51.2% with more than 8 years of schooling, 53.7% smoke or have smoked regularly 75.6% eat or drank alcoholic beverages daily, 65.9% reported moderate/intense sun exposure. Regarding nutritional status, the total sample, according to the body mass index (BMI), 41.5% were normal weight, 14.6% underweight and 43.9% overweight/obesity. With respect to the adequacy of the Usual Weight (UW), 70.7% were eutrophic. As the adequacy of the arm circumference (AC), 48.8% were normal weight, 46.5% malnutrition. The assessment of the adequacy of the triceps skinfold (TSF), 39.0% were malnutrition, 36.6% overweight/obesity, 24.4% eutrophic. Considering the adequacy of arm muscle circumference (AMC), 51.2% were eutrophic, 48.8% undernourished. According to the muscle area corrected arm (MACA), 53.7% were malnutrition. Considering the Subjective Global Assessment (SGA), 87.8% were well nourished. When analyzed for the presence or absence of malnutrition using different methods, comparing the groups, it was found that BMI, adequacy of UW, adequacy of CB, MACA and ASG showed statistically significant results (p<0.05). Regarding eating habits, the population evaluated presented low consumption of fruits, vegetables, main dietary protective factors, constituting food inadequacy both for patients with potentially malignant disorders and for SCC. Therefore, the group of potentially malignant disorders presented for all methods of evaluation used predominantly eutrophic. Among the methods that evaluated the muscle and fat reserves, MACA showed the highest percentage of individuals with malnutrition, with higher values in the group with SCC. A comparison of the nutritional status between the two groups of lesions can be seen higher percentage of malnutrition among patients with SCC, considering the different anthropometric methods.