Potencial de produção de antimicrobianos a partir de bactérias isoladas do açaí (Euterpe oleracea)

Abstract

Açaí is the fruit of a palm tree widely distributed in the Amazon region and has a high microbial load that favors the fruit fermentation process. It is unknown specific studies to investigate the production of antimicrobial substances of biotechnological interest from microorganisms present in acai fruit, which can result in increased value to the fruit. Since food safety has become an increasingly international concern the application of bacteriocins that target food pathogens without adverse toxic effects, have received great attention. The objective of this work is to isolate bacteria from acai, identify the antimicrobial activity of the isolated bacteria, and characterize the extracts of these bacteria as pH, temperature, stability and action spectrum. The selected fruits were collected in Combu Island and Abaetetuba, State of Para, Brazil. These followed for asepsis and pulp removal and dilutions were inoculated in MRS agar and isolated for analysis The antagonism in vitro was performed with the technique of spot-on-the lawn revealing against three bacteria: Corynebacterium sp, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus cereus; and with the well diffusion technique. These extracts were characterized for thermal stability (121 ° C / 15 minutes), enzyme sensitivity to trypsin and pH neutralization. Of the thirty-nine bacterial isolates, it was observed antagonistic activity in nineteen of them. Of thesecould be observed twelve showed extracellular antagonist activity. Four extracts showed sensitivity to trypsin, indicating that these may be bacteriocins. Neutralized extracts showed no activity, which indicates better activity at pH acid extracts. Most of the extracts showed activity after being autoclaved, which may be an indication that the extracts have bacteriocins in Classes I and II. This work shows that bacteria isolated from acai have potential for the production of antimicrobial substances.