Desenvolvimento de métodos por CL-EM/Em e ocorrência de antimicrobianos em peixes de aquicultura

Abstract

The consumption of fish has increased in recent years in Brazil, especially due to the announcement that their intake can bring numerous health benefits and also due to its high nutritional value (high biological value protein, high content of omega-3 fatty acids). The quality, safety and security of farmed fish for human consumption are therefore a public health issue and must be monitored. In Brazil, there is a lack of information regarding the use of antimicrobials in aquaculture. Although only two antibiotics are allowed for use in aquaculture in Brazil, there is a wide variety of antibiotics that may be used illegally or can reach the fish due to environmental contaminations, mainly of water. The objective of this study was to develop multiresidue methods of analysis of antibiotics in fish muscle and to evaluate the quality of fish from Minas Gerais and Pará with respect to the presence of antibiotic residues. In addition, an extensive literature review was conducted with respect to existing methods of analysis and the occurrence of chloramphenicol (banned antibiotic) and amphenicols in food. A LC-MS/MS screening method was validated for the analysis of 40 antibiotics of six different classes (aminoglycosides, beta-lactams, macrolides, quinolones, sulfonamides and tetracyclines) in fish muscle. Only 15% of the samples (n=29) were positive for enrofloxacin. A quantitative LC-MS/MS method of analysis of quinolones and tetracyclines in fish muscle was also optimized and validated. The precision, in terms of the relative standard deviation, was under 20% for all of the compounds, and the recoveries were between 89.3% and 103.7%. CCα varied from 17.87 to 323.20 μg.kg-1 and CCβ varied from 20.75 to 346.40 μg.kg-1. In general, real samples showed good quality relative to the presence of antibiotic residues. All 29 positive samples for enrofloxacin contained levels below the Maximum Residue Limit allowed by Brazilian legislation (100 μg.kg-1).