Aplicação de sensoriamento remoto na análise espaço-temporal das ilhas de calor e ilhas de frescor urbanas no município de Belém - Pará, nos anos de 1997 e 2008

Abstract

The urbanization has been provoking local variations in several climatic elements, among them it a increase of the temperature of the air, provoking the emergence of portions of the space with larger temperatures than the areas to yours spill, that calls her of urban islands of heat. Among the causes of the appearance of the islands of heat, the retreat of the vegetable covering is the most relevant. The purpose of this work was to identify, through the technique of remote sensing, the urban islands of heat and the urban islands of coolness in the continental area of the Municipal district of Belem, as well as the variation of the vegetable covering, comparing the results of the years of 1997 and 2008, in order to reveal a possible relationship between the variation of the vegetable covering and the islands of heat and urban islands of coolness. To develop this research, it was fallen back upon thermal images of sensor TM for determination of the temperature values, as well as data of temperature of the air observed in the stations: climatological conventional of Belem (2o. DISME / INMET), meteorological sinotic of Val-of-Cans and meteorological automatic sinotic of Belem (2o. DISME / INMET). The vegetable covering was also determined with use of the images of sensor TM, with the bands 3,4 and 5. In agreement with the obtained results, it was ended that there was an increase of the urban islands of heat in 2008, mainly in the located neighborhoods in the areas of the Avenue Augusto Montenegro and Highway Arthur Bernardes, and reduction of the islands of coolness in several parts of the continental area of Belem, due to the absence of the vegetable covering, in relation to the year of 1997. It was also possible to identify that in the study area, there was a reduction of the existent vegetable covering in 2008 in comparison with 1997, reduction that that happened mainly in the area that is besides to 1st Patrimonial League of the municipal district of Belem, in the axis understood between the Avenue Augusto Montenegro and the Highway Arthur Bernardes, enlarging the urban area and the increase of the temperature, that it favored the expansion of islands of heat.