O passo a passo do Movimento Pela Sobrevivência na Transamazônica e Xingu pela produção do contraespaço

Abstract

The Amazon is a place where there are intense struggles for the rights of populations in cities, countryside, waters, and forests. At the root of these struggles is the way in which governments and hegemonic capital see the Amazon: a provider of wealth for Brazil and the world, based on its landscape converted into resources. Faced with these practices, the populations that live in this biome have become subjects outside the government's order of priority. In view of this, it is left to family farmers, indigenous peoples, fishermen, quilombolas, extractivists, riverside dwellers, residents of the outskirts of cities and towns, to express their opposition to this rationality that excludes them. This study was carried out in the southwest region of Pará, between the municipalities of Pacaja and Rurópolis along the Transamazônica and through the Xingu from Vitória do Xingu to Porto de Moz. The objective is to analyze the actions of the Movimento Pela Sobrevivência na Transamazônica (MPST), currently Fundação Viver, Produzir e Preservar (FVPP), identifying the relevance of the role played by it in improving the lives of the populations and the changes in the territory of the Transamazônica and Xingu. The study begins with recording the voices of migrants who came to this region before, during and after the Integrated Colonization Project (PIC). The goal is to identify the reasons for migrating, how was the arrival in the new land, the participation and formation of social movements and the challenges of the relationship with the federal government. We also analyzed the trajectory of the MPST, which emerged in 1990, initially formed by these migrants and the support of the Catholic Church, from the Base Ecclesiastical Communities. The basic category of this study is the geographic space as defined by Milton Santos: a hybrid qualified by the subject. In the dominant space, constrained by capital, migrants and their supporters, based on their struggles, produced their counterspace, according to Ruy Moreira. They denounced, built collective propositions and provoked changes in the current formation of the territory of the Transamazônica and Xingu. For a better understanding of the formation and unfolding of these counterspaces, we focused on three important struggle flags for the movements: Land and environmental issues, agricultural credit and education. The last part of the work outlines an overview of current social movements in this region. Who they are and what challenges they face. The results of this study demonstrate that the MPST with its collective and regionalized mobilizations produced a counterspace within the hegemonic order of the PIC, guaranteeing voice and rights for the populations. Their practices lasted and influenced the emergence of other movements.