Avaliação do fator de simultaneidade de veículos elétricos residenciais de curto e longo alcance para indicação de cenários críticos na rede elétrica

Abstract

The electrification of the transportation sector is a current trend in measures to reduce carbon emissions. However, the massive insertion of electric vehicles into the grid with high levels of simultaneous charging can overload transformers, lines, and feeders, in addition to generating imbalances and harmonic distortions in the grid, especially when single-phase chargers are used. To ensure that the grid can meet the new demands of electric vehicles, the study of the simultaneity factor becomes essential to estimate the load demand on the grid. This work probabilistically evaluates the simultaneity factor of electric vehicles with short and long-range batteries. Monte Carlo simulation to consider the uncertainties present in the charging demand of electric vehicles and in residential demand. A real low-voltage grid and real data on residential demands and charging habits are used. The simultaneity factor is calculated considering two charging patterns: weekly charging, in which charging occurs on alternate days, and daily charging, in addition to several scenarios that vary the capacity of the electric vehicle battery and the charging power. The results show that the adoption of daily recharging in studies and statistical analyses can lead to a higher simultaneity factor, creating a more pessimistic scenario of overloading in transformers and lines. In the network study, we confirmed these results, where the adoption of the daily recharging pattern, with a higher FS, results in greater loading on the transformer and greater voltage violations.