Governança ambiental nos municípios da Amazônia Legal Brasileira através dos objetivos do desenvolvimento sustentável: um exercício de mensuração

Abstract

This present work aims to evaluate the contribution of environmental governance as a mechanism to mitigate environmental issues in the Amazon region, which is intrinsically linked to low social development and high levels of forest loss in the 772 municipalities that make up the Legal Amazon. These municipalities, organically, demonstrate a potentially reduced capacity to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Environmental governance is essential for understanding the involvement of civil society in the dynamics of natural resource exploitation, especially forest resources. In this context, the study primarily utilizes the factorial analysis method, selecting indicators that reflect the quality of environmental governance in the region to promote the SDGs, specifically goals 4 (quality education), 6 (clean water and sanitation), 8 (decent work and economic growth), 13 (climate action), and 15 (life on land). Additionally, indicators were chosen based on the application of what constitutes good governance, referred to in two dimensions, "governance quality" and "access to information and social assistance". The results indicate that environmental governance in the region is characterized by five dimensions: "economic and demographic growth," "educational inefficiency," "forest preservation," "decent housing," and "environmental degradation." Furthermore, in the formation of the final environmental governance index composition, it was observed that municipalities with lower deforestation rates have a better quality of environmental governance, confirming its importance and commitment to meeting the SDGs. It is expected that this work will serve to highlight missed opportunities due to the absence of civil society participation, emphasizing the importance of sustainability for local development.