Análise teórica de novos circuladores de 3-portas em cristais fotônicos bidimensionais

Abstract

This work presents a theoretical study on new compact 3-ports circulators of W- and Y-types, based on two-dimensional photonic crystals. In the Y-type circulator, the waveguides that composes it form angles of 120° between each other (having the shape of a Y). The W-type circulator is a modification of the Y-type, obtained by repositioning one of the ports between the other two with an angle of 60° between them (having the shape of a W). The geometric parameters of crystals were obtained from band-gap diagrams. The three-port circulator of Y-type, designed to operate at microwave frequencies, was investigated with the aim of generating a innovative prototype, while the W-type, for optical frequencies, was investigated to demonstrate the feasibility of developing a more compact circulator compared to the known Y-type. The W-type can also be a more adequate alternative geometry for the design of integrated circuits. The models are reasonable in the sense that they present high isolation (higher than 20 dB in both circulators) and low insertion loss (less than -0.5 dB in the case of Y-type circulator). The W-type circulator has about 100 GHz of operation bandwidth, centered at the wavelength of 1.5 um. The simulations were performed using the commercial software COMSOL Multiphsics, which is based on the finite element method.