Diagnóstico ambiental de nascentes: um estudo de caso da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Marapanim - Pará

Abstract

The water problem over the years has gained importance in the national scenario,In this context, the State of Pará, despite having an abundance of water resources, has been in charge of these discussions, as has happened in the mobilization of the Marapanim river basin committee. The Marapanim river basin, located in the state of Pará, in the municipality of Marapanim, has clearly undergone several processes of environmental degradation, especially in its springs located in urban perimeters, it is evident that these have suffered a strong anthropic influence. Due to the local importance and the need for preservation of the sources, this research aims to carry out the environmental diagnosis in the sources of the Marapanim-Pará river basin, based on a proposal of a macroscopic environmental assessment and with the perception of residents around the springs, and the actors involved in the formation of the Marapanim river basin committee. Based on this, analyzes of the environmental quality of six sources of the Marapanim river basin were carried out. The diagnosis used the methodology of Gomes et al. the 2005, in which macroscopic parameters were taken into consideration for the study, including the apparent color of water, odor, trash, floating materials, vegetation, presence of oils and sewage, protection of springs, type of insertion area where they were located, proximity to residences and their uses (both by humans and by animals). In the study area, it was observed that of the six sources investigated ten points obtained a diagnosis of their macroscopic parameters of Bad and one point was characterized as Bad. As for turbidity, the most compromised source studied through this parameter was the Pirapema spring, which obtained 179 (UNT), a high degree of degradation was observed, as there is a strong occurrence of sewage discharge, as well as degradation of the riparian forest has influence of the urbanization, translated by means of disordered occupation. The perception of the people interviewed, when questioned if they identified problems with the sources, the majority (92.59%) of the interviewees, affirmed that yes. At the end of the study it was suggested the recovery of four springs and management of two of the six springs studied.