Comparação do desempenho dos métodos eletroresistivo e transiente eletromagnético num caso específico de prospecção de águas subterrâneas

Abstract

The resistivity method is the most used geophysical prospecting technique for groundwater exploration. However, it is not easy to use it in inhabited areas due to the necessity to spread electrical wires for more than one kilometer, depending on the desired investigation depth. The time domain electromagnetic method, also used for groundwater exploration, does not have this disadvantage, because this inductive method uses a square loop whose dimension is not an obstacle to be used in inhabited places. On the other hand, the electromagnetic method is more sensible to cultural electrical noises. To compare the performance of these techniques in an urban area, we use programs for vertical electric and electromagnetic transient soundings. Both programs were developed by RIJO (1994ab, 1996). In this comparison we consider two cases: in the first, there was defined four types of models (H, K, A and Q), based on the geoelectric sections from Palestina of Pará (MONTEIRO, 1998). In the second, it was considered the 21 vertical electric soundings models carried out in this city using an arrangement type Schlumberger. These models allowed to configure apparent resistivity synthetic curves for the electromagnetic transient soundings. As a result, the apparent resistivity values given as space function (resitivity method) and given as time function (electromagnetic method), allow to obtain a lineal relationship in bilogaritmic scale between the spacing (meters) and the time (miliseconds). Thus, it is possible to estimate a desired investigation depth in urban areas using the electromagnetic method when the application of the resistivity method is limitated by the accessibility.