Identificação de reflexões múltiplas, utilizando os parâmetros das frentes de onda PIN e normal

Abstract

The multiple reflections present in seismograms hide important information of reflectors in subsurface,sometimes turning primary reflections invisible. This is the case of marine seismograms, in which sometimes they present a ring-like appearance, with strong superposition of multiple reflections, together with primary reflections. This problem has been the subject of important researches, whose principal objective is the identification, attenuation and elimination of multiples, using in this respect some widespread methods. The objective of this work is the identification of multiple reflections. With this purpose, we have forward modeled zero-offset (ZO) seismic sections containing primary reflections, together with first-order multiple reflections. Later on,we have performed a kinematic Kirchhoff depth migration in order to obtain a simulated geological model in depth, with true and fictitious reflectors at the same time. From this depth migrated section, we have modeled a ZO section, in which the fictitious reflector is not recorded, due to the impedance contrast in the second and third layers of the model. This is the first clue that the referred fictitious reflector is, in fact, the result of imaging a multiple reflection. Another clue for this assertion is the semblance of the curvatures of the first and third reflectors. Finally, the wavefront parameters of two hypothetical waves Normal Incidence Point (NIP) and Normal (N) were computed, as well as the NMO velocity for the primary and multiple events, in the forward and migrated models. We have finally compared these parameters in order to verify the later clues with respect to the identification of multiple reflections.