Doenças de transmissão hídrica e alimentar na Amazônia marajoara: análise epidemiológica da doença diarreica aguda em dois municípios (2014-2023)

Abstract

Water- and foodborne diseases (WFBDs) represent a persistent challenge to public health, particularly in regions where sanitation infrastructure is limited and the consumption of food of unknown origin is frequent. In the Amazonian context, acute diarrheal disease (ADD) stands out as an important indicator of environmental and health vulnerability. However, the scarcity of specific epidemiological studies on the dynamics of these diseases in the Marajó mesoregion, Pará, limits the formulation of more effective control strategies. Given this scenario, this study aimed to describe the temporal and seasonal behavior of ADD in the municipalities of Soure and Salvaterra and discuss the possible socio-environmental determinants associated with the disease. The research was conducted using secondary data extracted from the Epidemiological Surveillance Information System for Acute Diarrheal Diseases (SIVEP-DDA), covering the period from 2014 to 2023. The methodology consisted of a descriptive and exploratory analysis, from which possible sources and determinants of the condition were inferred based on the recorded epidemiological profile. The results demonstrate heterogeneity in the distribution of cases, associated both with regional rainfall patterns and with the pressure exerted by tourist flow and food-handling practices. Thus, the study highlights the relevance of using these databases for health management and for implementing preventive actions focused on education in good handling practices, making intersectoral integration and the coordination of epidemiological and sanitary surveillance essential for tackling the endemic in the archipelago.