Revisão sistemática e biogeografia da espécie politípica campylorhamphus procurvoides

Abstract

The latest review of the genus Campylorhamphus (which dates back to 1934 by Zimmer), recognized the polytypic species C. procurvoides as grouping the following taxa whose reciprocal diagnosis is difficult and based mostly on plumage characters: C. p. procurvoides, C. p multostriatus, C. p. probatus, C. p. sanus e C. p. successor. The goal of this study is to review the systematics of the polytypic C. procurvoides through the critical evolution of the geographic variation and diagnosis of its taxa based on a combined analysis of morphological and molecular characters. All molecular phylogeny estimates produced showed with strong statistical support that C. procurvoides, as currently defined, represents a polyphyletic species since its taxa are found in three separate clades with disparate phylogenetic affinities within the genus Campylorhamphus. The combined analysis of molecular and morphological characters allowed objective diagnoses for the taxa procurvoides, multostriatus, probatus and sanus, but not successor, which was synonymzed with a taxon grouped under a different polytypic species (C. trochilirostris notabilis); the combined analysis further supported the recognition of two additional taxa not previously recognized, which are treated here as taxon novum 1 and taxon novum 2. Based on their phylogenetic relationship and consistent reciprocal diagnoses, each taxa considered valid according to the present review and formerly treated as subspecies of C. procurvoides, are recognized as species based on the General Lineage Species Concept.