Análise do comportamento de motores premium (IR3) e super premium (IR4) submetidos a tensões desequilibradas

Abstract

This master's dissertation investigates the importance of three-phase induction motors in the context of energy efficiency policies, emphasizing their substantial contribution to reducing energy consumption in the industrial sector. The study examines the evolution of Brazilian regulations, highlighting measures such as the requirement for the IE3 class as the minimum manufacturing standard in the country, an initiative aimed at increasing the efficiency of these motors and consequently reducing operational costs. Through a comprehensive literature review, it was possible to map the scientific production related to electric motors and identify emerging trends in the field. The bibliometric analysis conducted shows that countries such as India, the United States, and Brazil lead publications in this area, providing a global perspective on technological advancements and practices focused on energy efficiency. Furthermore, the work addresses the challenge posed by voltage imbalance, a phenomenon that impairs motor performance. The results obtained from empirical tests conducted with premium (IE3) and super premium (IE4) motors under conditions of voltage imbalance are particularly revealing. They show that super premium permanent magnet motors tend to have higher energy consumption in imbalance situations, especially when operating with loads below their nominal capacity. These findings highlight the importance of considering variables related to imbalance when selecting motors for industrial applications, offering valuable insights for choosing more efficient technologies. It is concluded that the adoption of more efficient motors is essential to promote energy sustainability on a global scale. In this sense, regulations must continue to evolve to encourage the replacement of old motors with more advanced technologies, mitigating the impacts of disturbances such as voltage imbalance. With a detailed and solid approach, this dissertation provides relevant contributions to the field of energy efficiency, encouraging researchers and professionals in the area to adopt more innovative and sustainable practices.