Planejamento e gestão de risco: interfaces para a integração da segurança de barragens maranhenses

Abstract

Accidents and technological incidents in dams have resulted in countless cases of loss of life, environmental damage, damage to the built object, in addition to the interruption of production processes and social normality throughout the world. The scenario for the State of Maranhão is no different with the aggravating lack of intersectorality between the interfaces of the National Civil Protection and Defense and Dam Safety Policies. Hypothetically, it is believed that the production of knowledge with technical criticality enables the integration between policies, facilitating decision-making by supervisory bodies, managers and organized civil society to deal with the impacts generated by dams in Maranhão. Thus, the objective of the research was to analyze the development of the state Civil Protection and Defense service as an instrument for the effective integration of dam safety in the territory of Maranhão. To this end, it was necessary to define the typology of dams and extreme events related to accidents and incidents in Maranhão dams, identify the technical and operational vulnerabilities of state Civil Defense Protection bodies for the execution of the National Dam Safety Policy and related legislation in the State of Maranhão and compose the new territorial coverage of the State Civil Defense based on the service area of the Maranhão Military Fire Brigade (CBMMA) units, risk categories and potential damage associated with the dams.The methodological procedures adopted included a systematic bibliographic survey using the Prisma Protocol with a search strategy on the Google Scholar platform, followed by the collection and processing of the S2ID, CEPDECMA and ANA databases. Descriptive statistics were then prepared using the Excel software attribute and the treatment of the spatial component and generation of cartographic products in the QGIS software. The results obtained identified that the main types of dams in Maranhão are for irrigation use. Furthermore, 11 buses have a high DPA, while 1 bus has a high CRI. Furthermore, 21 incidents and accidents were reported in dams distributed across 11 municipalities, with the main causal link being climatic events of intense rain and lack of maintenance. Furthermore, geographic factors, state coverage vulnerabilities, communication noise between social actors, disruption of continuity of risk management actions, non-observance of public career for protection and civil defense agents were identified as weaknesses. Finally, a new territorialization proposal was proposed for the provision of services to 17 UBMs and the operationalization of COMPDECs in the municipalities of GodofredoViana, Centro Novo do Maranhão and Joselândia due to the DPA and high CRI of the buses present.