Adoecimento de docentes na educação básica: uma revisão sistemática da literatura

Abstract

The illness on Basic Education teachers has been object of researches in the academy, and a survey of the main national and foreign researches on the subject is essential to obtain an overview of what has been investigated. This study aims to build a panorama of national and international research published between 2006 and 2017 on the subject of sickness in elementary education. It uses the Systematic Review of Literature (SRL) technique, of exploratory and descriptive character, with searches at SciELO, Eric, Lilacs and CAPES databases. The following inclusion criteria were considered: only articles; of the last 11 years; only full texts; only free; only peer reviewed; that deal with Basic Education teachers; that have the main descriptors in the title or keywords. The Content Analysis technique was done using NodeXL software. After the initial search, the criteria were applied, obtaining 45 articles. The results showed a higher frequency (35 = 77.8%) of studies investigating working conditions, health and suffering, as well as coping strategies, revealing that research has been directed in the search for the relation between work and illness of the teacher. A total of 3 (6.6%) articles used the Cognitive Social Theory to investigate related concepts. The technique of graph analysis and semantic networks allowed us to verify the connections between the most important variables present in the articles, such as Teachers Illness and Teachers Health, which reached a greater degree of centrality in the presented graphs, denoting their importance in the discussions that are being undertaken on the subject under investigation. Other revisions may be undertaken to assist in the search for studies that contribute to the research on teacher malaise. Despite the findings of this review, it is understood that other investigations may contribute with new data to corroborate or deny the relation between work and illness in teachers. Emphasis should be placed on the low frequency of studies from the perspective of Cognitive Social Theory.