Dinâmica da paisagem e o processo de fragmentação florestal na bacia do Caeté

Abstract

The Caeté River Basin is located in a very strategic region of the north-eastern region of Pará and has high levels of anthropization. In this scenario, the landscape has been transformed concomitantly to the processes of consolidation and expansion of the different types of land use and land cover. Thus, this work presents the landscape dynamics and forest fragmentation process for the Caeté Basin in the years 2004, 2010 and 2014 and its implications in the modulation of the contemporary space scenario. For this, the research is based on the following discussions: I - Comparison of land use and land use transition dynamics in the basin, using multitemporal analysis, based on TerraClass cartographic bases and Landsat / TM 5 satellite images, orbits 222 and 223, point 061, bands 3, 4 and 5, for the year 2004. II- Characterization and quantification of the fragments and configuration of the local landscape structure, based on landscape metrics and the use of the software Fragstats version 4.2. III- Identification of anthropic pressures and fragmentation reflexes on the Caeté-Taperaçu Conservation Unit. In 2004 the pasture, forest and occupation mosaic classes elucidated a percentage of 80.39% of the total area of the basin. In 2014 the areas contained in these same classes totaled 87.26%. The indicative presented demarcates the intense consolidated spatial dynamics on the basin. The indices calculated in this section confirmed the predominance of pasture in the Caeté basin, using the Class Area (CA) and Percentage of Fragments (PLAND) metrics. On the other hand, the Total Edge (ET) and Edge Density (ED) indices showed that the process of forest fragmentation in the basin has been attenuated, due to the predominant edge indices on the forest class. The Caeté-Taperaçu Conservation Unit presented a significant contribution to the processes of use and occupation in the region acting as an instrument to contain environmental impacts. The relevance of the research is represented by the integration of socio-environmental aspects associated with landscape dynamics, considering how human actions can affect the natural resource balance. It is hoped that data presented contribute as a subsidy for the integrated and participatory management of water resources.