Interações entre agricultura e manejo florestal: uma análise do uso da terra, meios de vida e sustentabilidade no projeto de desenvolvimento sustentável Virola-Jatobá em Anapu (PA)

Abstract

The agrarian reform settlement mode called Sustainable Development Project (PDS) aims to reconcile agricultural policies and environmental preservation. Because they are considered environmentally differentiated, productive activities should be implemented to contribute to the conservation of natural resources on these settlements. In the case of the PDS Virola-Jatobá, resident families live since the beginning of the settlement, in 2002, with several difficulties related to the maintenance of their agricultural activities, consumption needs and settlement infrastructure. Added to the above, the insufficiency and inefficiency of State action, but also a recent process of associative rupture which was intensified during an agreement with a private enterprise for forest management, yet finalized and marked by several kinds of problems. Thus, this work aimed to understand factors and conditions that affect the decision from the families settled at the PDS Virola-Jatobá, Anapu, in investing in the sustainability of their agricultural activity, and how forest management affects these decisions. For so, observations and ethnographic interviews have been implemented, as well as participatory mappings and socio-economic surveys, subsequently examining data from descriptive statistics, variance analyses and speech analyses. For data analysis, it has been implemented a typology that integrates features of settlers concerning to the location of the lot, settling time and associative organization. The results indicate that this last aspect has been more incisive in demonstrating distinctions amongst the interviewees, either in relation to the use of the lots, or as differentiated perceptions about the inclusion of forest management in local productive strategies. In other words, the process of associative division of the community has provided speeches and actions with contrasting trends towards the future of the PDS in question, which ultimately increases the above-mentioned difficulties and slows the reach of social and environmental goals laid down in this model of agrarian reform.