Estratégias de famílias agricultoras com enfoque no manejo de bacurizeiros (Platonia insignis Mart.) no nordeste paraense e Marajó

Abstract

This research sought to analyze the dynamics and interrelationships between the management of bacurizeiros and the strategies of farming families in Northeast Paraense and Marajó. The choice of the Mesoregions of Northeast Paraense and Marajó as study areas resulted from the current information that they are producing areas that account for the largest supply of bacuri fruit in the state of Pará. To carry out the field survey, an intentional sampling was chosen, considering only family farmers who had bacurizeiros in their establishments and who carried out some type of marketing of the products. A total of 77 questionnaires were applied among the 7 municipalities studied, 57 in the Northeast Mesoregion of Pará and 20 in Marajó. A typology of production systems was carried out, with 4 types: bacuri and roça, bacuri and fruit trees, bacuri and fishing and bacuri and social security. It was found that the production systems with the highest degree of species diversification have the highest potential for income generation and are the ones with the highest agricultural and family income, these are the production systems belonging to the Bacuri and Frutíferas (T2) group, which achieved added value of R$ 23,140.33/year. The main social reproduction strategies practiced by the families interviewed were diversification of production, production for self-consumption and employment in non-agricultural activities. The system for marketing fresh fruit is quite simple, based on the collection of fruit and distributed in the short harvest period. It was found that there is a change in the marketing of fresh fruit for pulp production. The main motivations in the management of bacurizeiros pointed out by the families was the commercialization and beauty of the forest composition. This study showed that some families perform ethnotechnological practices to increase the productivity of the fruit, which are important to recover and value the traditional knowledge and cultural value of these communities. It is also concluded that the management of bacurizeiros is an important family strategy for the maintenance of families in the field and presents growth potential capable of meeting export demand, important for job and local generation.