Insegurança alimentar em famílias de crianças matriculadas na rede municipal de educação infantil, Belém-PA

Abstract

Analytical study, observational of cross-sectional design that aimed to estimate the prevalence food and nutrition insecurity among the families with enrolled children at schools from the municipal early childhood education network in Belém-PA-Brazil. As an instrument to collect data, it was used the Brazilian Scale of Insecurity Food Measurement, and, in order to evaluate the family profile, it was used the socio demographic form. It was also managed with the children anthropometric evaluation for the children nutritional situation analysis. Three hundred sixty-eight families from Belém-PA participated in the study, they were proportionally divided into six administrative districts, eighty-seven schools and six age groups. The sampling technique considered a error of 5,16% and it was a proportional stratified random. In statistical analysis of the association among the socio demographic indicators and insecurity food, the Chi-square tests were used and G test. Prevalence rates and prevalence ratios were estimated for food insecurity, and Poisson multiple regression analysis with robust variance was performed and the respective confidence intervals (CI 95%). In all tests, it was adopted the significance level (a) equal to 5%. The statistic program that was used in the reviews was BioEstat 5.3 and SPSS 24.0. As a result, it was found the prevalence of 85,6% of food and nutritional insecurity, that was distributed according to the severity gradient, in 36,4% light food and nutritional insecurity, 28,8% were moderated and 20,4% were serious. It was verified a significative statistically association between insecurity food and family income per capita, have work, education level of the family chief, received of the Bolsa Família and type of material used in the construction of the home. In the Poisson regression model, it was observed that food insecurity was associated with have a family income per capita that is less than half a minimum wage (PR = 1,61) and does not have work (PR = 1,10). The study presents an important instrument to identify those risks and permits the analysis of the investigated problems causes.