Percepções, vivências e perspectivas de professores sobre o Programa Saúde na Escola

Abstract

Health at school is the subject of relevant discussions on health promotion. From intersetoriality reflexions, literature review and field research, this study aims to understand the actions resulting from the School Health Program in municipal public schools in Belém, Pará, from the perspective of teachers. It is a descriptive-observational study, with analysis of interviews with 22 teachers of municipal public basic education. Field research took place from April to June 2018. A content analysis was carried out, proposed by Bardin, generating four thematic units: Evaluation of the SHP in Belém’s municipal schools context; The social determinants of health and the school community; Basic education teacher: inherent health educator; The indissociability of care in health-education binomial. Half of those interviewed were unaware of the program or its operation. Different modes of interaction between the program's actions managers were observed, from the most punctual and inefficient to the most contextualized and integrative. The study of social health determinants is necessary to better understand the processes and needs of these actions in the municipal school environment, with emphasis on issues of basic sanitation, food insecurity, violence and drugs. It is highlighted the need for self-recognition of the teacher as a health educator, in order to insert them in the construction of the health promotion in their pedagogical practices. The school's articulation with the school community can serve as an input for greater integration and stimulation of social control practices. It is understood the existence of challenges to overcome through the concreteness of intersectoriality: the deep-rooted effects of the biomedical model, the distortions of the conception of health promotion, the need for better understanding and application of intersectoriality, conciliation of agendas, fragmentation of health actions, professional valorization in both sectors and better quality in communication and interprofessional information exchange.