Desamparo e insulamento nas obras literárias a "Ilha da Ira", de João de Jesus Paes Loureiro e "Órfãos do Eldorado, de Milton Hatoum

Abstract

The present thesis sought to analyze two contemporary literary works, the novel Orphans do Eldorado de Milton Hatoum (2008), and the play The Island of Wrath, by João de Jesus Paes Loureiro, present in the book "Collected works: theaters and essays" (1976). The discursive voices that resonate with the characters in the narratives were important to answer the argument that this thesis is based on: the concept of helplessness as understood throughout the centuries proves sufficient to account for the anguished and traumatized experiences erected in the literary text . And since it is always necessary to construct meanings to represent psychic aspects, this study was based on the observation of all the expressive theoretical procedures for textual composition. It becomes fundamental to clarify, in view of the proposition that was exposed and evaluated in this work, the terms insulation and helplessness. Therefore, the objective of this work was to perform a comparative reading of the two works, verifying through the discourses of the characters how the helplessness is revealed in a literary production from the twentieth century. Through this bias, the developed reflection focused on visions undertaken through a theoretical-investigative study based mainly on a transdisciplinary theoretical framework with Freudian psychoanalysis, in order to broaden the view on helplessness as it emerges from the literary space. These discussions found their main theoretical support in the books Inhibitions, Symptoms and Anguish, by Sigmund Freud (1996), Birman (1999), Camon (1990), Maffesoli (1987), Michaud (2001), among other theorists whose contribution was thorough relevance as a way of presenting the arguments, their contexts and the relations they have with the core of the research. The research allowed to identify in the works of the corpus, the existence, as a metaphorical arsenal of sensations and affections that are manifested with immense force representative of universalizing behaviors and conflicts, such as loneliness, anguish, violence, abandonment, lack. For this reason, the abandonment will be understood, in this study, that in erecting contemporary literary productions will present itself as an aggregator of affections and senses being pertinent to take it as a paradigm or analytical tool for the understanding of other similar fictional texts.