O financiamento da educação no contexto do plano nacional de educação (2014-2024): as disputas no Congresso Nacional

Abstract

This doctoral Thesis has as theme “the Brazilian education financing in the context of the National Education Plan – PNE (2014-2024)”, and aimed, centrally, analyze the disputes surrounding the proposals related to the financing and destination of the resources to the educational area when such plan processed in both houses that compose the national congress: Chamber of Deputies and Federal Senate. Equally, it was proposed to identify conceptions and education projects disputed through different social movements linked to education when PNE was under appreciation by the federal deputies and senators. Through documental analysis, in particular, the tachygraphy notes of the public hearings and the sessions of the special commissions of those two politics institutions, it was extracted and analyzed excerpts of the speech from individuals that represented various social movements and governments entities that have handled the financing issues and disputes that have happened between them. As a form to not summarized such analysis to the official documents available, it was conducted interviews with 4 individuals directly involved in the PNE stages (2014-2024), in the National Congress, being: 1 social activist organized in public education defense movement and researcher on education financing; 1 federal parliamentary, member of the education commission of the chamber of deputies; 1 researcher on National Plan of Education; 1 legislative technical of the National Congress and researcher on education financing and his speeches reporting such disputes were equally analyzed. For such analysis, in addition to literary productions, mainly about PNE and Education Financing, it was used the historical materialism, in particular, the theoretical construction of Antonio Gramsci, in which categories such as hegemony, State and Civil Society became essential and appears explicitly or implicitly along the work. It was found, while the result of this research, the continuing conflicts involving Federal Executive representants, parliamentarians and representants of Education organized movements, be it public or private – in at least three controversial propositions: One which addresses the obligation of a minimum percentage of the Gross Domestic Product to be invested in education; The destination of the funds coming from the oil royalties for investments in the country education; and, finally, one which refers to Student-Quality Cost (initial) – CAQ (i). Controversially, while it was secured to the PNE text important proposals historically advocated by the movements in defense of the public Education, such as the destination of 10% of the GDP to the education and the CAQ (i), as a minimum parameter to investment in the area; by contrast, it is explicit the access maintenance of the private education institutions to the public financial funds earmarked for Brazilian education.