Bem-estar no trabalho: proposta de uma escala para operários da construção

Abstract

Well-being concepts, which are widespread in the social sciences, are gaining more space and are being worked on in several other areas. Two theories of approach are typically used: subjective well-being through hedonic theory and psychological well-being supported by eudaimonic theory. Based on these theories the field of study called well-being at work (WBW) was developed, which seeks to understand the factors that provide happiness or well-being in organizations. Despite the intensive use of labor, the construction industry does not seem to apply such knowledge, but develops many aspects of worker quality of life. Thus, the objective of this research is to propose a scale of WBW aimed at the workers in the construction industry. For this, the Item Response Theory (IRT) was used to design the instrument used in the scale. Through a Systematic Literature Review (RSL) conducted in 10 research bases, 92 studies were mapped that pointed out 89 aspects related to the welfare of this group of workers. Based on these aspects, several instruments already validated in other researches were sought to constitute the initial instrument of this study, which consists of 53 items related to the following themes: WBW, stress, work-family relationship, safety, alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical health and musculoskeletal disorders. The instrument was applied to 376 construction workers. The results were tabulated and IRT was applied using the Samejima model for gradual items. The final instrument is composed of 32 items, since 2 items had reduced factor loading (less than 0.30) and 19 items had low discriminatory power (below 0.65). The scale consists of 5 levels (-2, -1, 0, +1 and +2), classifying the individual according to their perception of the following aspects: WBW, stress, work-family relationship and physical health. This research is expected to contribute to the theoretical framework of WBW, as well as to the promotion of such perspectives in civil construction.