Análise dos conflitos pelo uso da água na bacia hidrográfica do médio Tocantins

Abstract

Brazil is considered a country highly rich in water availability, however, it is not always in a condition to use, or there is no equal distribution among the states and municipalities of the country. In this way, conflicts can arise associated to the access and distribution of this water resource. Therefore, this study aims to analyze conflicts over water use in the Mid Tocantins River Basin District. To do so, the methodology used was to carry out the following steps: morphometric characterization of the river basin, identification of multiple uses and respective volumes granted both upstream and downstream of Estreito / MA UHE, identification of the main agents and possible actors in areas of conflict, modeling the behavior of agents and the environment and conducting conflict analysis based on the Games Theory, making it possible to propose mitigating measures. With respect to the morphometric characterization of the hydrographic basin, it has a low tendency to great floods, presented a degree of branching of the waterways of 5th order and an average altitude of 259 m. Regarding the multiple uses with federal grant, there is a difference in relation to the granting purpose upstream and downstream of the Estreito Dam, having as the largest user upstream, irrigation, and as the main user downstream of the UHE, industry. Regarding the analysis of conflicts over water use, after the application of game theory, it was verified that both upstream and downstream had several conflict agents, characterizing the generation of electric energy as the largest generator of them. It is concluded that the main mitigating measure is the proposition of greater interaction and dialogue among the agents that generate conflict, because in this way, the greater the probability of minimizing the problems of access, distribution and conflicts over the use of water. And, the application of game theory proved to be ffective, presenting a differential in the analysis of conflicts, making it possible to reiterate the importance of dialogue and interaction between the sectors of water use within the catchment area of the middle Tocantins.