Torcida, substantivo feminino: interações e relações de gênero nas torcidas do clássico Remo x Paysandu

Abstract

The dissertation brings an analysis of the gender relations and interactions of the fans of Clube do Remo and Paysandu Sport Club, based on an anthropological methodology. In order to analyze how gender issues are manifested in the constituent interactions of being a woman fan of these clubs and in the performances of fans of the classic, the research combines participant observation in the stands on RexPa days with semi-structured interviews with fans who frequent the stadium. The participant observation was made in both bleachers during classics played at the Mangueirão Stadium, in Belém, in the years 2018 and 2019, allowing the apprehension of phenomena and collective experiences. The interviews were conducted with eight women - four fans of Remo and four of Paysandu - with different trajectories and profiles, considering their subjectivities and personal experiences and articulating them with the observations in the field research. The analysis perspective adopted is based on a relational approach to communication and gender and allows the identification of collective and individual practices and rituals, interactions built in this scope, social and affective relationships that involve experiences and as issues of gender and power are involved in this whole process. Among the main concepts used are those of performance and performativity; of communication and interaction with the body as the core; of power and domination matrices; and gender discussions. The stadium is understood as a communicational environment that allows the connection between bodies, it also shows the relationship between women and soccer throughout history to the present day, discussing the power relationships built in this sport and the adopted resistance strategies. Thus, it was possible to identify that gender issues are manifested in the individual trajectories of the women fans of soccer, sometimes through adaptation to a dominant male performance, or through the use of strategies to demarcate the place of women in soccer. These are present in the experiences of both affection and disrespect and in structural situations of the soccer stadium. In relation to the fans' performances, it was possible to verify how gender oppressions appear through silences, masculinities and homophobia. The research path also made it possible to visualize the role of affects in the act to be soccer fan and the sensitive dimension that this practice involves.