Evolução da pecuária bubalina e a transformação dos ecossistemas na Resex Verde Para Sempre: um olhar a partir da análise retrospectiva

Abstract

This study aims to identify the historical reasons that promoted the development of animal husbandry in a traditional community of Verde para Sempre Extractive Reserve, specifically, in the community of St. John Cupari. With that, also seeks to identify the influence of this activity in the transformation of the landscape. Therefore this research used the method of Retrospective Analysis. This is based on the historical research of breaking points that mark the passage of a particular operation of a productive system to another. Through Retrospective Analysis, through the construction of models denominated chronic, trajectories were identified for each family and their related behaviors. Possession of the familie trajectories analyzed the reasons and circumstances which led the decisions that transformed the productive logics. In the community were observed three evolutive trajectories, with them is noted how the families, according to their abilities, altered farming systems influenced by particular stimuli at each historical moment arising from the economic and ecological environment of the locality. According to these stimuli there was families who maintained consumptive logic with buffalo breeding based on a small amount animals, an average of 10 animals per family, but actually present growth trend, and with creating another group with average of 80 animal, which has remained stable over the last 10 years. The third group is that best defines the differences of a consumptive logic for a market, being the group with the highest breeding having around 300 heads, that contrary to second group greatly increased the number of animals in this same period of time. The high amount dramatically altered the way of life of these families, replacing old productive practices arising from the extraction of fauna, like fishing and hunting by others that revolve around livestock. Thus, it was concluded that livestock developed in accordance with the practical know-how and their unique interests, which defined forms of resource use, and simultaneously. landscape transformation in interaction with the local market, being influenced by government policies, promoted livestock as the best income alternative.