A várzea está para peixe: viabilidade socioeconômica da piscicultura praticada na Bacia do Aricurá, Cametá, Pará

Abstract

From the decade 1980, in response to the reduction of fish stocks of the lower Tocantins farmers they began to breed fish in captivity, through excavated nursery in floodplains which the creators call tank. Because it in an activity introduced recently production system, it is aimed through this work to investigate whether the introduction caused changes in the socioeconomic aspects of rural establishments. The search it was made in the district Seat of the municipality of Cametá, more precisely in the river basin Aricurá that has bayous Ajó and Merajuba as its tributaries. The study área stands out through the diversity in the ecosystem in the presence of floodplains and land. The study involved 18 establishments and it was carried out in 3 stages. In the first was elaborated a typology of the production system. In the second stage, already with the formation of two types, one formed by establishment presenting floodplain area and land, and the other with establishments presenting only area in floodplain, was selected 4 establishments to represent each type. In selected establishments were raised technical itineraries of pisciculture, conducted a landscape analysis, interviews about the historical and elaborate a sketch of each establishment. In the third and last stage, to analyze in profundity possible changes in the social relations of work, it conducted a case study of a production unit. In family establishment by virtue of the small size, about 54 ha production occur consortial way. Although of the great diversity, the activities are organized to reduce competition for productive space between them. Therefore, although of the introduction of the pisciculture make the system even more complex, it did not cause the rearrangement of the production áreas, or establishment with availability only floodplains, as those with floodplain and land. Per other side, there was a reduction in the intensity and workforce recruitment applied to water extraction (fishing and captures shrimp) this before was practiced almost every night, now it carried out about three days a week. Another thing importante important is that when the creation started to be planned to meet the local market, the fish originating from pisiculture it became a ticket to the market and income generator with effects on capital circulation, assuming the role, that before was only of aquatic products. The pisciculture practiced in floodplain by family farmers have secured the socioeconomic reproduction of the family group without there is competition for labor and space and can be developed without environmental impact.