Reflorestamento e recuperação de áreas degradadas na bacia hidrográfica do Tarumã-Açu e sua contribuição na redução dos gases efeito estufa.

Abstract

The recovery of degraded areas becomes a major factor in reducing global warming, making it necessary for the reforestation process to go through a selection plan for species with the greatest potential for development in adverse conditions. The objective of the research is to investigate the survival and mortality index of fruit species, planted in a degraded area in the Tarumã-Açu-BHT Hydrographic Basin, and the estimate of carbon fixation in the period of 20 years. The methodology adopted is participant observation, with analysis of 500 seedlings of fruit species of cashew (anacardium western), 500 of ingá (ingá edulis), 500 of buriti (mauritia flexuosa) and 500 seedlings of açaí (euterpe oleracea) totaling 2000 seedlings analyzed for survival and mortality. Mapping the area through GPS - Global Position System, photographic record, bibliographic review through consultation in dissertations, theses, articles and books related to the topic, satellite images, topographic maps and pre-existing maps were used. Still as a methodology, it was defined that the percentage of mortality acceptable for the continuation of the reforestation process is up to 20%. The selection and monitoring of seedlings takes place in the period from 2015 to 2019, obtaining a result of 84.8% survival of the mauritia flexuosa, 87.2% of the euterpe oleracea, 87% of Ingá Edulis and 100% of the western anacardium. All species analyzed were below the defined percentage, which means that the proposed objectives were well met. For the analysis of carbon fixation, the lowest and highest index found in the literature was used, where the authors define that the lowest fixation index is 7.1 kg of CO₂ for each tree / year and the highest is 15, 6 kg of CO₂, where a single tree can absorb between 142 kg and 312 kg of CO₂ in 20 years. The carbon sequestration carried out by the planted trees contributes to reducing the concentration of greenhouse gases.