A atuação da associação dos usuários da Reserva Extrativista Marinha de Tracuateua (PA) diante de conflitos sociais relacionados ao uso dos recursos naturais

Abstract

Extractive Reserves (Resex) are territories of common use destined to the conservation of natural resources, culture and means of life of traditional people. The regulation of the use of these areas is done through shared management between the public administration and administration of traditional peoples with participatory principles. For the implementation of the new management model (comanagement), the User Associations are created as representatives of the traditional people. The present research was elaborated with the proposal to contribute with the construction of sociological scientific knowledge, referring to the action of the Association of Users of the Marine Extractive Reserve of Traucateua (Auremat) in the face of social conflicts related to the management of natural resources. As recurrent and specific conflicts in Marine Extractive Reserves (REM) I chose to develop a study of the conflict caused by the practices: "marrecas fishing", creation of loose buffaloes and use of "thin mesh" for fishing. Such conflicts occur among groups of users: those who practice them and those who feel harmed by these activities. The investigated conflicts occur mainly in areas of flooded fields and in the surroundings of the rivers, situated in the area surrounding Resex. The data collection was done using the qualitative approach in three communities (Cocal, Santa Maria and Santa Tereza), chosen from the zoning made by the Chico Mendes Institute of Biodiversity Conservation (ICMBio) and nominations of members of the board of directors of Auremat as conflicting. The research was divided in two stages, being carried out 5 incursions in the field. The following were conducted: secondary data collection, literature searches referring to the researched topic, observations and 41 interviews (39 with agroextrativistas users of Resex and 2 with Environmental Analysts of ICMBio). Even without the approval of the Management Plan (PM), it was verified that Auremat acts in the face of social conflicts related to the use of natural resources researched through meetings and environmental journeys in the areas surrounding the Resex where the users reside, promoting awareness on the problematic activities, assisting in the reporting of complaints to the competent bodies, in addition to developing other works aimed at improving the life of users. During the research, the difficulties to act were also observed of the agroextractivists who are members of the association, these are due to the insufficiency of associated users who are up to date with the payment of the fixed rate, causing a lack of resources. Currently the users association seeks attract productive projects and carries out activities, both destined to the users of the Reserve, with the support of international resources coming from the Tracuateua Project, which also takes on great importance for the training of agroextractivists for bureaucratic burdens of the association.