A produção do discurso narrado/comentado: uma proposta de ensino para alunos do nível fundamental a partir do gênero crônica

Abstract

This work deals with the production of texts from the narrative base of the 7th year of middle school, taking ethics as the theme. The starting point is a diagnosis of the writing problems of these students in order to help them understand textual construction strategies related to the textual infrastructure (general plan, articulation of discursive worlds, types of sequences and ways of articulating them) and character referencing. It also aims, through an intervention proposal, based on the interactionist conception of language, to lead the students to reflect on ethical conduct from certain situations present in their context of living and in society in general. It is believed that exposed to these experiences, they can, through interaction and dialogue, respect attitudes and opinions, act in an authentic way, "forming ideas and being formed" in an "intimate" process of production knowledge. The work is based on the theoretical constructions of Bronckart (1999) on discursive worlds and on the dimensions of the organization of the text, it also uses the contribution of the studies on textual reference, as well as including considerations on ethics guided by Freire (2015) and Souza (1995), it also reflects on teaching-learning issues of writing based on Antunes (2003, 2010), Geraldi (1984, 1997, 2011), Koch e Elias (2011, 2015), Oliveira (2010), among others. Actually this work is participant observation research oriented to a qualitative analysis of the data, which consists of steps that involve the collection of the corpus: texts produced by the students from the presentation of reading and writing workshops using texts with a narrative basis with emphasis on themes related to ethics; description and analysis of students’ output; and the construction of a didactic proposal aimed at minimizing the identified problems related to the students' textual production, as well as providing discussions on various topics related to ethics. The genre selected for the work is the chronic one, since it is a gender linked to the daily life, commonly accessible to people's experiences, and for its didatization, with option for texts that deal with ethical issues, to contribute to the formation of more ethical and critical students about their time and region. The results of the research point to the students' difficulties regarding the organization of the general infrastructure of texts and the articulation of discursive worlds, as well as limitations regarding textual reference strategies. But they also reveal that the narratives that the students produce attend to a relative organization of the global semantic content, which implies that it is necessary to extend in them a latent competence to compose well-formed texts on their infrastructure. And this result justifies the investment that was made, in this work, in a didactic proposal idealized for future application by those who bet on changes in the routine of text production classes.