A Sobreposição do planejamento urbano no território da comunidade quilombola do Abacatal (PA): a luta pela garantia da sustentabilidade da vida

Abstract

The UN conventions on environment and climate arise from the “need” to seek solutions to social, environmental and economic crises experienced by different countries around the world. Following the same idea, the UN-Habitat Convention bets on sustainable urban development as an alternative to these crises in the scope of cities. However, the way this development has been expressed in the transformation and in relation to the ways of living in cities is still connected to the maintenance of capitalist and proprietary means of production, compromising constituted social rights, especially the right to adequate housing in all its multiple possible meanings of living with dignity. This dissertation, based on the observation of some forms of extensive urbanization (MONTE-MÓR, 1994) on specific territorialities (LITTLE, 2002), has as guiding questions to understand what are the consequences of the UN-Habitat guidelines for sustainable urban development in policies management and land use planning in the municipalities of Belém and Ananindeua? And how do territorial policies, informed by a global logic of sustainable urban development, overlap with the quilombola territory of Abacatal, affecting and influencing the community's social practices? Through this, the research aims to analyze the consequences of the concept of sustainable urban development, as proposed by the UN-Habitat, present in public policies for housing and land regularization, on the territory of the Quilombola community of Abacatal (PA), reflecting on how urban operations linked to the Master Plans, such as those related to housing projects, and to reurbanization processes leading to infrastructure expansions such as the power transmission line, have been affecting daily life in the territory of Abacatal. Through this, the research aims to analyze the consequences of the concept of sustainable urban development, as proposed by the UN-Habitat, present in public policies for housing and land regularization, on the territory of the Quilombola community of Abacatal (PA), reflecting on how urban operations linked to the Managing Plans, such as those related to housing projects, and to reurbanization processes leading to infrastructure expansions such as the power transmission line, have been affecting daily life in the territory of Abacatal. We searched through documentary research on UN-Habitat documents, master plans and infrastructure projects in Belém, Marituba and Ananindeua, and also through participant observation at the time of elaboration of the Study of the Quilombola Component (ECQ) for the line , in the community, to observe this diversity of relationship with the (urban) land, which is associated with the production of social, economic and political processes in the community, as well as its social reproduction. It was found that there is an extensive urban area that conflicts with the existence of the community insofar as it constitutes an instrumental relationship with nature, even when for conservation reasons, maintaining an exclusive urban way of life, which is reproduces about the lived space of the community. The research showed that territorial and environmental management instruments, in addition to enabling extensive urbanization, also legitimize environmental crimes that degrade the material base of production and social reproduction of the community, which has non-instrumentalized relationships with nature. On the other hand, a collective movement of construction of the sustainability of community life was perceived, through the exercise of self-determination and autonomy to guarantee the permanence and good life on earth, according to ancestral knowledge and the defense of the territory of life, which collides with the sustainable urban agenda, present in state and municipal strategies, legitimized by narratives and agendas of international organizations.